Computer Networks

CO1 Differentiate various types of computer networks, network topologies, reference models and guided media. K2 

CO2 Apply various techniques for error control, detection and correction during transmission of data frames using data link layer protocols. K3 

CO3 Demonstrate routing and congestion control algorithms in designing network systems. K3 

CO4 Employ network layer functions, routing, congestion control, and IP addressing in IPv4 and IPv6. K3 

CO5 Implement application layer protocols and socket programming. K3 

PEC -CSE(AI)-R23 Syllabus- PDF_LINK   page 107

UNIT I: Introduction: Network Types, LAN, MAN, WAN, Network Topologies Reference models- The OSI Reference Model- the TCP/IP Reference Model - A Comparison of the OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models, OSI Vs TCP/IP. Physical Layer –Introduction to Guided Media- Twisted-pair cable, Coaxial cable and Fiber optic cable and introduction about unguided media. 

UNIT II: Data link layer: Design issues, Framing: fixed size framing, variable size framing, flow control, error control, error detection and correction codes, CRC, Checksum: idea, one‘s complement internet checksum, services provided to Network Layer, Elementary Data Link Layer protocols: simplex protocol, Simplex stop and wait, Simplex protocol for Noisy Channel. Sliding window protocol: One bit, Go back N, Selective repeat-Stop and wait protocol, Data link layer in HDLC, Point to point protocol (PPP) 

UNIT – III: Media Access Control: Random Access: ALOHA, Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA), CSMA with Collision Detection, CSMA with Collision Avoidance, Controlled Access: Reservation, Polling, Token Passing, Channelization: frequency division multiple Access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA). Wired LANs: Ethernet, Ethernet Protocol, Standard Ethernet, Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps), Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet. 

UNIT – IV: The Network Layer Design Issues – Store and Forward Packet Switching Services Provided to the Transport layer- Implementation of Connectionless Service Implementation of Connection Oriented Service- Comparison of Virtual Circuit and Datagram Networks, Routing Algorithms-The Optimality principle-Shortest path, Flooding, Distance vector, Link state, Hierarchical, Congestion Control algorithmsGeneral principles of congestion control, Congestion prevention polices, Approaches to Congestion ControlTraffic Aware Routing- Admission Control-Traffic Throttling-Load Shedding. Traffic Control AlgorithmLeaky bucket & Token bucket. Internet Working: How networks differ- How networks can be connected- Tunnelling, internetwork routing-, Fragmentation, network layer in the internet – IP protocols-IP Version 4 protocol-IPV4 Header Format, IP addresses, Class full Addressing, CIDR, Subnets-IP Version 6-The main IPV6 header, Transition from IPV4 to IPV6, Comparison of IPV4 & IPV6. 

UNIT –V: The Transport Layer: Transport layer protocols: Introduction-services- port number-User data gram protocol-User datagram-UDP services-UDP applications Transmission control protocol: TCP servicesTCP features- Segment- A TCP connection- windows in TCP- flow control-Error control, Congestion control in TCP. Application Layer –- World Wide Web: HTTP, Electronic mail-Architecture- web based mail- email security- TELENET-local versus remote Logging-Domain Name System. 

TEXT BOOKS: 

1. Computer Networks, Andrew S Tanenbaum, Fifth Edition. Pearson Education/PHI -PDF

2. Data Communications and Networks, Behrouz A. Forouzan, Fifth Edition TMH. -PDF

REFERENCES: 

1. Data Communications and Networks- Achut S Godbole, AtulKahate 

2. Computer Networks, Mayank Dave, CENGAGE 

WEB REFERENCES: 

1. https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/ntr25_ed138/preview 

2. https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/ntr25_ed100/preview 

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Assignment-I

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1 Explain about the importance of Internet and its history. 

2 With an example like GMAIL, explain the data flow from transmitter to receiver in a TCP/IP model.

3 Critique the OSI reference model

4 Compare the OSI and TCP/IP reference models

5 Critique the TCP/IP reference model 

6 What is computer network? Explain about LAN, WAN, MAN and Internetwork.

7      Explain about various network topologies.

8.     Explain about Coaxial pair cable (Explain the purpose of cladding in optical fiber), Twisted pair cable and fiber optic cable and unguided media.     

          Analyze the advantages of one over the other.

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Assignment-II

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1 Discuss Stop and Wait protocol.

2 What is the need for error detection? Explain the methods used for error detection and error correction with typical examples.

3 Explain simplex protocol for noise-free and noisy channels 

4 Describe the services provided by Data Link Layer

5 Define PPP. Describe in detail with a neat diagram

6 Discuss about the below protocols: a) GO BACK N ARQ  b) Selective repeat ARQ

Note: Q3 (also asked as "Explain about elementary data link protocols")

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Assignment-III

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1 Explain detail about the carrier sense multiple access protocols.

2 Explain the Code Division Multiple Access

3 Write in detail on Time Division Multiplexing and Frequency Division Multiplexing

4 Explain about Pure Aloha and Slotted Aloha

5 Write about Standard Ethernet, Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet.

Note: Q1 (also asked as "Describe the working principle of Carrier sense multiple access with collision Detection (CSMA/CD)",  "CSMA with Collision Prevention");  Q5 (has been asked repeatedly as "Explain in detail about Standard Ethernet.")

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Assignment-IV 

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1. Explain the Hierarchical Routing algorithm and discuss its advantages and limitations.

2. Explain Leaky Bucket and Token Bucket algorithms.

3. What is a Routing Algorithm? Briefly discuss Adaptive Routing Algorithms and Non – Adaptive Routing Algorithms.

4. Explain the Link State Routing protocol with an example.

5. Differentiate the Virtual circuit and Datagram networks.

6. Explain Distance Vector routing algorithm with an example.

7. Discuss the different Congestion control policies.

Note: Q1 (repeatedly asked as "Explain the Hierarchical Routing algorithm and discuss its advantages and limitations")

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Assignment-V

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1. Discuss in detail about the connection establishment and release in TCP.

2. What is electronic mail? Describe in brief about different agents involved in sending and receiving e-mail.

3. Write about Flow control, Error control and Congestion control in TCP.

4. Explain briefly about the Architecture of WWW.

5. Explain the structure of the UDP header.

6. Explain in brief about the formats of HTTP request and Response messages?

7. What is DNS? List and discuss Resource record entries in DNS.

8. Illustrate the connection establishment and release in TCP.

Unit-3:

1. Compare Pure ALOHA & Slotted ALOHA

2. Explain various CMSA types

3. Explain the terms Reservation, Token passing and Polling related to Controlled Access in MAC

4. * Compare TDMA, FDMA, CDMA   (OR) Explain about Chanellization in MAC layer 

5. * Compare various types of ETHERNET

Unit-4:

1. Distance vector routing with an example

2. Link State Routing with an example

3. Explain the terms related to Congestion Control (i) Traffic Aware Routing (ii) Admission Control (iii) Traffic Throttling (iv) Load Shedding

4. * Compare Leaky and Token bucket algorithms  (OR) Explain about Traffic Control algorithms

5. Explain about Tunnelling, Internet Routing and Fragmentation

6. * Compare IPv4 and IPv6

Unit-5:

1.  Explain about Transport layer services and port numbers

2. * What is UDP? Explain in detail.

3. * Explain about Transmission Control Protocol

4. Significance of WWW and HTTP in internet

5. Explain about E-Mail  (OR)  Explain terms UA, MTA , MAA, and Web-based mail in relation to E-Mail.

6. Explain why DNS is important even if we have IP with necessary figures/tables  (OR) Explain the terms in relation to DNS (i)  Name Space (ii) Resolution (iii) Caching (iv) DNS Messages (v) Registrars (vi) DDNS